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Why does Cal use metaphors and symbols?

Cal uses metaphors and symbols to make his ideas more easily comprehensible and relatable to the reader. At the same time, Cal gains a clearer understanding of his own experiences by interpreting his past with a creative perspective. Cocoons are a reoccuring symbol in Middlesex, with one example on p.36, "Desdemona felt as though she were spinning her own cocoon, awaiting metamorphosis." An important aspect of metamorphosis is that the same individual emerges from the cocoon as before the cocoon is spun, albeit with a different appearance. While Desdemona adapts to her changing circumstances, including the Turkish invasion and her incestuous relationship, her stubborn personality stays with her. The theme of cocoons and transformation may eventually play a role in Calliope's tranformation into Cal.